Gun type oil burner apparatus with air throttling and whirling means



Jan. 16, 1951 J. G. KAVENY 2,538,460

GUN TYPE OIL BURNER APPARATUS WITH AIR THROTTLING AND WHIRLING MEANS Filed Nov. 24, 1947 2 Sheets-Sheet l J. GUN TYPE OIL BURNER APPARATUS WITH AIR THROTTLING AND WHIRLING MEANS G. KAVENY Jan. 16, 1951 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed NOV. 24, 1947 W II/I/I/lI/III/IIIIIIIIII/II/I/I/I/Il/I/III/I/ /A INVENTOR. a

Patented Jan. 16, 1 951 GUN TYPE on. BURNER'APPARALTUSWITH" AIR 'rnao'r'rnmo ANDWHIRLING MEANS John Gordon Kaveny, Montclair, N'. J. ApplicaticnNoveniber 24, 1947-, SerialN'0.'78-7,805

(o1. its-76) 4 Claims.

This invention relates to improvements in oil burners used for firing furnaces, and especially adapted for use in firing house heating-furnaces.

The invention has for an object to provide, in

oil burner apparatus of the forced draft type, a

novel and more efficient means for controlling the v'siume and movement of air to and past an oil discharging nozzle of the burner, whereby to attai'n highly efficient oil atomiz'ing effect for the production of a primary combustible admixture of oil and air.

The invention has for another object to provide novel means for supplying auxiliary air to the combustible mixture discharged from the burner, including means forcontrolling the voltime of such supplied auxiliary air, whereby to better assure complete combustion of the oil constituent of the ignited primar mixture which is discharged from the burner.

Other objects of this invention, not at this time more particularly enumerated, will be understood from the following detailed description of the same.

Illustrative embodiments of this invention are shown in the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 is a side elevational view of oil burner apparatus made according to the invention; Fig. 2 is a top plan view of the same; and Fig. 3 Ban elevational View of the discharge end thereof.

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary longitudinal horizontal sectional view, taken on line 44 in Fig. 1, but drawn on an enlarged scale; and Fig. 5is a transverse sectional view, taken on line 5 5 in Fig. 4, but drawn on a still further enlarged scale.

Fig. 6 is a top plan View, similar to that of Fig. 2, but showing a modified embodiment of the invention; this view bein drawn on a reduced scale.

Similar characters of reference are employed in the above described views, to indicate corresponding parts. v

Referring to the drawings, the oil burner apparatus according to this invention, in one illustrative embodiment thereof, comprises a blower housing in, having at one side thereof an air intake means ll. Said housing is suitably supported, as e. g. by a pedestal base I2. Leading from th 'housing II! is a tubular gun shell it. Rotatable within said housing is a driven fan or blower 14 which draws air'from the atmosphere through the air intake means H, and discharges the same outwardly through the tubular gun shell [3, all in manner already known to the art. Mounted in connection with the housing Ill is an electric motor [5 which is adapted to drive the fan or blower I4. I i

v Suitably connected with the housing l0 and its gun shell I3 is an oil supply pipe l6, the same being disposed to extend axially outwardthrough the interior of said nshell l3; The oil supply pipe l6 terminates at its outer end in anoil' discharge nozzle 11', which lies within the outwardly open discharge mouth of the gun shell 13. Fixed withi'n'the gun shellpassage behind the discharge nozzle I7 is a' stationary turbulator or air whir ing means [8, the same comprising angul'arly pitched radialvanes i9 which surround the oil supply pipe so as to intersect th annular space between the" latter and the surrounding'walls" of the gun shell I3.

Mounted across the interior of the gun shell l3", inwardly of said stationary turbulator or air whirling means lit-19, is a combined manipu lat'able air throttling and turbulator 0r air whirl ing means,- by means of which the volume'o'f air discharged through'the gunshellfor primary adimixture with oil discharged from the nozzle H may be regulated; while neverthelessimparting a dSirdtuibillent whirling movement to the dis charg'iii'g' air, which movement being continued and'aiigment'ed by" the stationary turbulator or 'air whirling means movement of outgoing air about the oil discharge nozzle IT, whereby said air encounters the spray of oil discharged from thelatte'r withhigh'atom 12in; effect and resultant intimat intermingling of the atomized oil particles with said air, thus producing a'highl-y combustible mixture. v

ree combined adjustable air throttling and tiiibiilit'di or whirling means comprises, essentially, apliirality of radial vanes supported sub-'- ject t'o rotative movement about their axes, whereby to vary both the pitch thereof and the spread thereof relative to the transverse plane of thepassage of the gunshell l3, and manip'u latable'me'ans for producing such adjusting r0- tative movementser said vanes. An illustrative structureinvolving these essentials, as shown. comprises a hub member 20 fixed upon the oil supplymea s, and a plurality of radial vanes 2 which ertend from said hub member across the annular space b'etween the oil supply pipe and the walls of the gun shell 13. Eachvane is pro vid ed at its inner end with an axially extending journal stud 22 which is pivotally journaled in the hub member 2! One of said vanes g l is provided at itsout'er end with a trunnion 23 which is journaled" in and through the wall of the gun shell l3, and afiixed on the exterior end of said trunnion manipulatable knob or finger piece 24 by whichsaid vane can be man- 'ually rotated about its longitudinal axis. I

on the oil supply pipe its, adjacent to one end of the hub member 23, is a vane rotator cam 25. This cam 25 is provided in its" externalrnarginal portions with indenting notches 26' which correspond in number and spacing tothenumber and spacing of the vanes 21 said notches being adapted to respectively straddle the lower end portions'oi the respective v Rotatably' mounted I'8-l9-, produces a gyrat'oryvanes at points ofiset from the pivotal connections thereof with the hub member 20. Said cam 25 is held in the described operative relation to the hub member 2%) and vanes 2| by a col.

lar 21 which is also affixed to the'oil supply pipe l6. Said collar possesses an inner .end portion 28 of reduced diameter so as to provide clearance space for accommodation of the rotative adjusting movements of the vanes abouttheir pivoting journal studs 22. V j V V p In the operation of the described combined air throttling and whirling device, whereby to adjust the vanes'for change of pitch with air stream throttling efiect, the knob or finger piece 24 is turned in desired direction to thereby turn the vane 2| with which it is connected; the turning of which rotates the cam 25 so as to cause the latter to transmit corresponding movements to the other vanes. By such manipulation, the vanes 2| may be turned toward or from a transverse plane intersecting the passage of the gun shell I3, whereby to enlarge or reduce the open area between the vanes, so as to increase or decrease -;-the, v,o1ume of, air. flowing outwardly through the passage of said gun shell [3 and past the'oil discharge nozzle IT, as the case may -;be, with desired air flow throttling effect. The pitch'angle'of the vanes, although at the same time subject to variation, will, nevertheless, deflect tthe air fiowingpast the vanes so as to impart thereto a desired gyratory or whirling -turbulence asit flows toward the oil discharge nozzle; -l 1;;which gyratory or whirling turbulence .will be further assured as the discharged air moves past the pitched vanes H? of the stawhich is located adjacently behind said oil discharge nozzle l'l.

Mountedon and about the discharge end of the gun shell I3 is an auxiliary air discharge head 36 from which air supplied thereto is discharged into the ignited primary fuel mixture issuing from the gun shell, thereby to supply additional oxygentothe burning fuelmixture as amaid to thorough complete and 1 substantially smokeless--combustion-- of the Y infiammablewoil constituent of said mixture. -This auxiliaryyair -.discharge-head comprises ahollow annular-body closed at its rear end by a back'wall 3| and pro- ,vided with side walls32 which converge upon the-discharge e nd of the gun shell l3,-so'as-.to form inconjunction-with the periphery of the latter, an annular discharge mouth 33 from which auxiliary air supp-lied to the interior of .the. discharge head is discharged in an annular ternal helical vanes 34 which extenclfrom the sidewalls ,32 .of the; discharge head. and between said side walls-and the .end portion of .the gun shell inwardly of the discharge mouth 33.-

, Means, .is provided forsupplying auxiliary air -at itude etihee er e M -litigate:

ing means for adjustably regulating the volume thereof. One arrangement of means for this purpose, as shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 4 more particularly, comprises a chambered air by-pass extension 35 which is connected with the housing I to project externally therefrom, and which communicates with the interior of said housing 13- through a port 35 with which the adjacent wall of the latteris provided. A tubular auxiliary air supply duct 3? is connected by its rear end in communication with said by-pass extension 35. This duct 3'5, extends to the discharge head 30 so that its forward end enters through the back wall 3! of the latter to communicate with the interior of the discharge head. The means for regulating thevolume. of auxiliary air delivered to the discharge head 36 through the by-pass ex-' tension 35 and duct 3'! comprises an adjustable throttling shutter 38 which is slidably supported on the interior side of the wall of the housing 3 El for movement relative to and across said port 35, so as to diminish the area thereof at will. Said throttling shutter 38 is manipulatable from the exterior of the housing it; and to this end a finger piece 39 is provided to project outwardly from the throttling shutter through a-s1ot- 40 with which the housing-wall is provided." l P In practice-,the oil burner apparatus of this invention is provided with suitable, and usually electrically controlled, fuel mixture ignition means disposed at the discharge end of the'gun shell l3 adjacentto the oil discharge nozzlesfl'. Showing of such ignition means has been omitted from the drawings, since its application-and use in connection with oil burner apparatus islwell knownto the art. p 'In the operation of the oil burner apparatus of this invention, oil is supplied to the oildischarge nozzle l-l-through the supply'pipe l 6 by a suitable pump-means (not shown) which is also well known to the art.- Pri-mary 'air 'is-discharged by the blower or fan I4 for-outward passage'through the gun shell IS with atomizing eifect'upon the 'oil discharged from the oil discharge nozzle H, whereby to produce a combustible fuel mixture subject to ignition and discharge from saidgun shell. The volume of primary air so delivered through the gun shell is subject toregulation-by adjusting the vanes 2| of the combined .air throttling and whirling device in the'manner 'already above described. The flow of auxiliary air is aso derived from theoperation of the blower or fan. [4, partof the delivered air outputof which is by-passed through the port 36 into the by-pass extension 35, to flow'thence throughthe duct 37 into the auxiliary air discharge head -30, to discharge from the latter in the manner and for the purposes as hereinabov set forth. The volume of auxiliary air flow mayberegulatedby throttling the port 36 by means of the manipulatable shutter 38. I f v Referring to Fig. 6, I have shown therein another arrangement of means for supplying auxiliary air to the discharge head 38, which is,

- however, comprehended by the broad aspects of this invention, the samecomprising a small independentblower or fan 4| mounted in connection with motor |5,-with which the housing It! is equipped, so asto be driven from the exterior end of the-motor armature shaft, the interior end of which drives the main fanpr-blower M. Connected withsaid blower or fan 4|,-to receive the air discharged thereby, is a conduit or duct--42 which'leads to and into th discharge head 3tl,

charge therefrom. The conduit or duct 42 is equipped, at a suitable location intermediate its ends, with a pivoted damper or throttle means 43 disposed across the interior thereof. Said damper or throttle means 43 is provided with an external finger piece or handle means 44 by which it can be manipulated for regulation of auxiliary air delivered through the conduit or duct 42 to the discharge head 30.

While I have shown and described illustrative embodiments of features of the present invention, it will be understood that various modifications may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the herefollowing claims.

Having now described my invention, I claim:

1. In an oil burner having a blower housing and an outwardly open tubular gun shell extending therefrom with an oil supply pipe extending axially in the latter and terminating in an oil discharge nozzle at the outer open end thereof, the combination with said gun shell of an adjustable air throttling and whirling means mounted across the interior thereof comprising a hub member fixed on the oil supply pipe, a plurality of radial vanes pivotally supported by said,

hub member for rotative adjusting movements about their longitudinal axes, manipulatable means extending from the outer end of one of said vanes through the gun shell wall, whereby said latter vane can be rotatively adjusted, and means cooperative with all of said vanes for transmitting the adjusting movement of the manipulated vane correspondingly to the remaining vanes.

2. In an oil burner having a blower housing and an outwardly open'tubular gun shell extending therefromwith an oil supply pipe extending axially in the latter and terminating in an oil discharge nozzle at the outer open end thereof, the combination with said gun shell of an adjustable air throttling and whirling means mounted across the interior thereof intermediate its ends, said adjustable air throttling and whirling means comprising a hub member fixed on the oil supply pipe, a plurality of radial vanes pivotally supported by said hub member for rotative adjusting movements about their longitudinal axes, manipulatable means extending from the outer end of one of said vanes through the gun shell wall, whereby said latter vane can be rotatively adjusted, and a cam means rotatable about the axis of said oil supply pipe, said cam means having indented marginal portions to embrace inner end portions of all said vanes at points laterally ally in the latter and terminating in an oil discharge nozzle at the outer open end thereof, the

combination with said gun shell of an adjustable air throttling and whirling means mounted across the interior thereof intermediate its ends, said adjustable air throttling and whirling means comprising a hub member fixed on the oil supply pipe, a plurality of radialv vanes pivotally supported by said hub member for rotative adjusting movements about their longitudinal axes, and a trunnion extending axially from the outer end of one of said vanes, said trunnion being journaled in and through the wall of said gun shell, a finger piece on the external end of said trunnion by which said latter vane can be manipulated for rotative addjustment, and means cooperative with all said vanes for transmitting the adjusting movement of the manipulated vane correspondingly to the remaining vanes.

4. In an oil burner having a blower housing and an outwardly open tubular gun shell extending therefrom with an oil supply pipe extending axially in the latter and terminating in an oil discharge nozzle at the outer open end thereof, the combination with said gun shell of an adjustable air throttling and whirling means mounted across the interior thereof intermediate its ends, said adjustable air throttling and whirling means comprising a hub member'fixed on the oil supply pipe, a plurality of radial vanes pivotally supported by said hub member for rotative adjusting movements about their longitudinal axes, a trunnion extending axially from the outer end of one of said vanes, said trunnion being journaled in and through the wall of said un,

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

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